This serological test is highly sensitive and specific for detecting onconeural autoantibodies. This test is extremely useful in the diagnosis of tumors in the early stage. The test can identify 11 different onconeural/high-risk autoantibodies in serum or plasma against intracellular neuronal antigens that are associated with 21 tumors and 14 neurological diseases.

Onconeural/High-risk Autoantibodies against neuronal proteins:

​Amphiphysin is a protein responsible for vesicle endocytosis. The detection of anti-Amphiphysin antibodies plays an important role in the diagnostics of mammary tumors, lung cancer, thymoma, lymphoma, intestinal tumors, stiff dog syndrome, congenital myasthenic syndromes, polyneuropathy (autonomous, sensory, sensory-motor), encephalitis, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome and cerebellar ataxia.

​CV2.1 (crossveinless-2) is a secreted protein that can potentiate or antagonize BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, pro-tumorigenic protein that can also act as tumor suppressor) signaling. The detection of antibodies against CV2 can point to lung cancer, thymoma, lymphoma, uterine tumors, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, intestinal tumors, mammary tumors, thyroid cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, encephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, polyneuropathy (autonomous, sensory, sensory-motor), retinopathy, uveitis, congenital myasthenic syndromes, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, epilepsy, chorea and rhombencephalitis.

​Anti-Ri antibodies against Nova-1 (neuron-specific RNA-binding protein) are the diagnostic significance of lung cancer, mammary tumors, lymphoma, brain tumors, bladder cancer, ovarian tumors, testicular tumors, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, cerebellar degeneration and rhombencephalitis.

​Anti-Yo antibodies against CDR2 and CDR62 (cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2 and 62 involved in signal transduction and gene transcription) play an important role in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors, mammary tumors, uterine tumors, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer, gallbladder tumor, lymphoma, bladder cancer, thymoma and melanoma, cerebellar degeneration, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, cerebellar ataxia.

​Anti-Hu antibodies against Hu protein (RNA-binding protein involved in neuronal differentiation, plasticity, and cellular stress response) are diagnostically relevant in lung cancer, neuroblastoma, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian tumors, mammary tumors, pancreatic cancer, intestinal tumors, encephalitis, polyneuropathy (autonomous, sensory, sensory-motor), cerebellar degeneration, epilepsy, congenital myasthenic syndromes, retinopathy, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

​Anti-recoverin antibodies against Recoverin, the neuronal calcium-binding protein, having a regulatory function in phototransduction, are diagnostically significant in tumor-associated retinopathy, a paraneoplastic syndrome that almost always occurs in connection with lung cancer, melanoma, mammary tumors, ovarian tumors, uterine tumors, intestinal tumors, kidney cancers, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.

​Anti-SOX1 antibodies against the SOX1 protein (transcription factor involved in activation of transcription, may act as a switch in neuronal development and determinate of the cell fate) are frequently associated with congenital myasthenic syndromes and cerebellar degeneration. The detection of these antibodies are a sign of lung or thyroid cancer.

​Antibodies against Titin (a giant protein, that functions as a molecular spring that is responsible for the passive elasticity of muscle) are identified in myasthenia gravis. The detection of anti-titin antibodies is also associated with the presence of thymoma.

​Antibodies against Zic4 (zinc-finger protein 4 that is involved in the regulation of neuronal development and function) are associated with cerebellar degeneration and lung cancer, ovarian tumors and thyroid cancer.

​Antibodies against GAD65 (65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase is a major enzyme in the synthesis of neurotransmitter GABA, a critical component of neurophysiologic function) are usually detected in stiff dog syndrome and cerebellar ataxia. These antibodies are frequently associated with lung cancer, thymoma, mammary tumors, intestinal tumors, lymphoma and less frequently with uterine tumors, pancreatic cancer, multiple myeloma, and testicular tumors.

​Antibodies against Tr (DNER, Delta/Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor that mediates neuron-glia interaction during astrocytogenesis) occur with lymphoma, mammary tumors, lung cancer, uterine tumors, brain tumors and with cerebellar degeneration.